I've found that if you leave off the heater hose that connects on the intake and fill the system until coolant starts coming out the fitting, you will have completely filled the block and heads. If you have installed the head gaskets backwards, the coolant will still come out of the fitting. I'd make sure you have coolant at the fitting, connect the heater hose and fill the radiator, then run the engine and see if the problem remains.
No. What causes a head gasket to fail is extreme temps and when this happens, the head tends to distort in relation to the block's deck surface. The pressure it would take to cause the gasket to fail is far in excess of the pressure ratings of the radiator and hoses. The radiator and hoses will fail long before the gasket would from pressure alone.